{
  "generated_at": "2026-09-24T11:10:07.193509Z",
  "about": "Every figure on money.html comes from this file. Nothing numeric is written into the HTML. Each figure carries the source it came from, the period it covers, and the date the source itself is dated, because a number on a civic site without those three things is a rumour. Figures marked derived:true were computed here from published figures and say so on the page.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "loudoun_faq",
      "name": "Historical data-center tax FAQ (source currently unavailable)",
      "publisher": "Loudoun County",
      "url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/faq.aspx?TID=241",
      "kind": "county"
    },
    {
      "id": "loudoun_dc",
      "name": "Data Centers in Loudoun County",
      "publisher": "Loudoun County",
      "url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6188/Data-Centers-in-Loudoun-County",
      "kind": "county"
    },
    {
      "id": "loudoun_budget",
      "name": "FY 2026 Proposed Budget — General Fund Revenue and Trends",
      "publisher": "Loudoun County Office of Management and Budget",
      "url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/213184/General-Fund-Revenue-and-Trends-PDF",
      "kind": "county"
    },
    {
      "id": "tax_rd40",
      "name": "Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report (RD40)",
      "publisher": "Virginia Department of Taxation, with the Virginia Economic Development Partnership",
      "url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "kind": "state"
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_598",
      "name": "Data Centers in Virginia (Report 598)",
      "publisher": "Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission",
      "url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "kind": "state"
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_incentives",
      "name": "Annual report on Virginia's economic development incentives",
      "publisher": "Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission",
      "url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/",
      "kind": "state"
    },
    {
      "id": "nvtc_mangum",
      "name": "The Impact of Data Centers on Virginia's State and Local Economies (6th biennial report)",
      "publisher": "Mangum Economics, commissioned by the Northern Virginia Technology Council",
      "url": "https://www.nvtc.org/press-releases/new-nvtc-report-virginia-data-centers-drive-40-billion-in-statewide-economic-impact/",
      "kind": "industry"
    },
    {
      "id": "good_jobs_first",
      "name": "Virginia tax revenue losses to data centers",
      "publisher": "Good Jobs First",
      "url": "https://goodjobsfirst.org/virginia-tax-revenue-losses-to-data-centers-soar-to-1-6-billion-for-fy25/",
      "kind": "advocacy"
    },
    {
      "id": "loudoun_tax_budget",
      "name": "Data Centers: Tax Revenues & County Budget",
      "publisher": "Loudoun County",
      "url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6409/Tax-Revenues-County-Budget",
      "kind": "county"
    },
    {
      "id": "loudoun_budget_fy2027",
      "name": "FY 2027 Adopted Budget — General Fund Revenue",
      "publisher": "Loudoun County Office of Management and Budget",
      "url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
      "kind": "county"
    }
  ],
  "headline": {
    "collects": "county_dc_equipment_fy2027",
    "forgoes": "state_benefit_fy2025",
    "caveat": "These are not two halves of one sum. The first is revenue a county government collects; the second is revenue the Commonwealth and its localities choose not to collect. Different taxes, different governments, different years. Setting one against the other shows the scale of each — it does not produce a balance."
  },
  "figures": [
    {
      "id": "county_dc_equipment_fy2026",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 794780452,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Loudoun property tax on data center computer equipment",
      "period": "FY 2026, proposed",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2026 Proposed Budget, General Fund Revenue and Trends",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/213184/General-Fund-Revenue-and-Trends-PDF",
      "as_of": "2025-01",
      "note": "The budget line \"Comp. Equip. Data Centers\". This is a budgeted figure, not money already banked; the FY 2022–FY 2024 numbers in the same table are actuals."
    },
    {
      "id": "county_dc_equipment_new_fy2026",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 133336361,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "New computer-equipment revenue in the FY 2026 proposed budget",
      "period": "FY 2025 to FY 2026, proposed",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2026 Proposed Budget, General Fund Revenue and Trends",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/213184/General-Fund-Revenue-and-Trends-PDF",
      "as_of": "2025-01",
      "derived": true,
      "note": "Both computer-equipment lines in the budget table, one year against the next: ($794,780,452 + $17,318,338) less ($670,259,142 + $8,503,287). The county rounds the same growth to $133 million."
    },
    {
      "id": "county_pp_rate",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 4.15,
      "unit": "usd_per_100",
      "label": "General personal property tax rate — the rate data center computer equipment pays",
      "period": "Tax years 2026 and 2027",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County, Data Centers: Tax Revenues & County Budget",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6409/Tax-Revenues-County-Budget",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "note": "Not a data center rate. It is the same general rate a hotel, restaurant or small business pays on its own equipment.",
      "previous_source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/faq.aspx?TID=241",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T11:10:07.193509Z"
    },
    {
      "id": "county_real_rate_2026",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 0.805,
      "unit": "usd_per_100",
      "label": "Loudoun real property tax rate",
      "period": "Tax year 2026",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County, Data Centers: Tax Revenues & County Budget",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6409/Tax-Revenues-County-Budget",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "note": "",
      "previous_source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6188/Data-Centers-in-Loudoun-County",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T11:10:07.193509Z"
    },
    {
      "id": "county_real_rate_2016",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 1.145,
      "unit": "usd_per_100",
      "label": "Loudoun real property tax rate",
      "period": "Tax year 2016",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County, Data Centers: Tax Revenues & County Budget",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6409/Tax-Revenues-County-Budget",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "note": "The county cites the fall from this rate to the current one as what data center revenue paid for. Rates move for several reasons at once, including rising assessments; the county does not break the change down.",
      "previous_source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/6188/Data-Centers-in-Loudoun-County",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T11:10:07.193509Z"
    },
    {
      "id": "county_avg_home_bill",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 6280,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Real property tax bill on the average Loudoun home",
      "period": "Tax year 2026",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2026 Proposed Budget, General Fund Revenue and Trends",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/213184/General-Fund-Revenue-and-Trends-PDF",
      "as_of": "2025-01",
      "note": "Homes in existence as of 1 January 2025, at the $0.805 rate."
    },
    {
      "id": "county_gf_share",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 38,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "Share of county general fund revenue the county attributes to data centers",
      "period": "Historical snapshot, August 2026; current value unverified",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FAQ, Data Centers — Tax Revenues and the County Budget",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/faq.aspx?TID=241",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "note": "Preserved from the August 16, 2026 site snapshot. The original county FAQ now returns 404; the replacement county tax page does not restate this figure. Do not treat it as a current estimate.",
      "verification_status": "source_unavailable"
    },
    {
      "id": "county_parcel_share",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 4,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "Share of the county's commercial parcels occupied by data centers",
      "period": "Historical snapshot, August 2026; current value unverified",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FAQ, Data Centers — Tax Revenues and the County Budget",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/faq.aspx?TID=241",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "note": "Preserved from the August 16, 2026 site snapshot. The original county FAQ now returns 404; the replacement county tax page does not restate this figure. Do not treat it as a current estimate.",
      "verification_status": "source_unavailable"
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_loudoun_share",
      "group": "local",
      "value": 31,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "Data center share of Loudoun's total local tax revenue",
      "period": "FY 2023",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12",
      "note": "This measures all local tax revenue in FY 2023. The historical county FAQ used a different denominator, the general fund; its 38 percent figure cannot currently be reverified."
    },
    {
      "id": "state_benefit_fy2025",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 1941390000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Sales and use tax not collected from data centers — state, regional and local shares combined",
      "period": "FY 2025",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": "Reported by the data center operators themselves. The report states the data \"was self-reported by data center operators and was not independently validated by VEDP or the Department.\""
    },
    {
      "id": "state_benefit_fy2024",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 1292457000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Sales and use tax not collected from data centers — state, regional and local shares combined",
      "period": "FY 2024",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": "Same self-reported basis as the FY 2025 figure."
    },
    {
      "id": "state_all_in_fy2023",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 928600000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Sales and use tax not collected from data centers — state, regional and local shares combined",
      "period": "FY 2023",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12",
      "note": "JLARC's figure, not the Department of Taxation's. It is the same measure — state, local and regional portions of the tax."
    },
    {
      "id": "state_share_fy2023",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 683000000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "The Commonwealth's own share of the FY 2023 total",
      "period": "FY 2023",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12",
      "note": "Useful because published totals differ depending on whether the local and regional portions of the sales tax are counted. This is the state-only slice of the same year."
    },
    {
      "id": "next_largest_incentive",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 74000000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Virginia's next largest economic development incentive, after the data center exemption",
      "period": "FY 2023",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12",
      "note": "JLARC calls the exemption \"by far the state's largest economic development incentive\"."
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_decade_total",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 2700000000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Cumulative value of the data center exemption",
      "period": "FY 2015 – FY 2024",
      "source_name": "JLARC, annual report on Virginia's economic development incentives",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/",
      "as_of": "2025-11",
      "note": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_incentive_share",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 53,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "The exemption's share of all Virginia economic development incentive spending",
      "period": "FY 2015 – FY 2024",
      "source_name": "JLARC, annual report on Virginia's economic development incentives",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/",
      "as_of": "2025-11",
      "note": "Over that decade Virginia spent about $5.2 billion on incentives in total."
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_but_for",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 90,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "Share of data center investment JLARC estimated would not have happened in Virginia without the exemption",
      "period": "2019 review",
      "source_name": "JLARC, cited in the Department of Taxation's biennial report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": "An assumption, and the single most consequential one in every return-on-investment number published about this exemption. A later JLARC analysis put it as high as 100 percent; the Department retains 90."
    },
    {
      "id": "jobs_added_fy2025",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 1610,
      "unit": "count",
      "label": "Net new data center jobs reported to VEDP statewide",
      "period": "FY 2025",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "jobs_total_fy2025",
      "group": "state",
      "value": 9395,
      "unit": "count",
      "label": "Total direct data center jobs reported to VEDP statewide",
      "period": "FY 2025",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": "Reported by the 56 operators claiming the exemption. Not a count of everyone working in a Virginia data center."
    },
    {
      "id": "companies_eligible_fy2025",
      "group": "concentration",
      "value": 62,
      "unit": "count",
      "label": "Data center companies eligible for the exemption",
      "period": "FY 2025",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "companies_claiming_fy2025",
      "group": "concentration",
      "value": 56,
      "unit": "count",
      "label": "Data center companies that reported claiming it",
      "period": "FY 2025",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "note": "None of the 56 are named anywhere in the report."
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_concentration",
      "group": "concentration",
      "value": 82,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "Share of the exemption's benefit that went to five companies",
      "period": "FY 2023",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia, Figure 2-6",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12",
      "note": "JLARC publishes the split and not the names. The report's own text says only that \"most of the tax savings accrue to a small number of companies\"."
    },
    {
      "id": "jlarc_median_saving",
      "group": "concentration",
      "value": 5400000,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "Median saving for a company using the exemption",
      "period": "FY 2023",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12",
      "note": "JLARC adds that all but six companies saved $1 million or more. The median is far below the average precisely because the total is so concentrated."
    },
    {
      "id": "nvtc_rate_without",
      "group": "estimates",
      "value": 1.537,
      "unit": "usd_per_100",
      "label": "Rate Loudoun would have needed without data center revenue, in one industry-commissioned model",
      "period": "Tax year 2024",
      "source_name": "Mangum Economics for the Northern Virginia Technology Council",
      "source_url": "https://www.nvtc.org/press-releases/new-nvtc-report-virginia-data-centers-drive-40-billion-in-statewide-economic-impact/",
      "as_of": "2026-03",
      "estimate": true,
      "note": "Commissioned by a trade association whose members include data center operators. A counterfactual from a model, not a rate anyone was ever charged."
    },
    {
      "id": "nvtc_rate_increase",
      "group": "estimates",
      "value": 91,
      "unit": "percent",
      "label": "Increase that would represent over the actual 2024 rate",
      "period": "Tax year 2024",
      "source_name": "Mangum Economics for the Northern Virginia Technology Council",
      "source_url": "https://www.nvtc.org/press-releases/new-nvtc-report-virginia-data-centers-drive-40-billion-in-statewide-economic-impact/",
      "as_of": "2026-03",
      "estimate": true,
      "note": "The same report puts Prince William's counterfactual increase at 29 percent and Culpeper's at 34 percent."
    },
    {
      "id": "derived_home_delta",
      "group": "estimates",
      "value": 5700,
      "unit": "usd",
      "label": "What that would mean for the average Loudoun home, per year",
      "period": "Arithmetic on the two figures above",
      "source_name": "Calculated on this page from the county and NVTC figures",
      "source_url": "https://www.nvtc.org/press-releases/new-nvtc-report-virginia-data-centers-drive-40-billion-in-statewide-economic-impact/",
      "as_of": "2026-03",
      "estimate": true,
      "derived": true,
      "note": "$6,280 raised by 91 percent is about $5,700 more a year. It carries every assumption in the NVTC model, and it applies a rate modelled for 2024 to an average bill for 2026. It is arithmetic, not a finding. Neither the county nor NVTC publishes this number."
    },
    {
      "id": "vedp_revenue_cost_ratio",
      "group": "estimates",
      "value": 1.7,
      "unit": "ratio",
      "label": "Revenue-to-cost ratio the state's own model produces for the exemption",
      "period": "FY 2024 – FY 2029, two overlapping five-year windows",
      "source_name": "VEDP model, published in the Department of Taxation's biennial report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02",
      "estimate": true,
      "note": "A projection built on operators' self-reported investment and on the assumption that 90 percent of it would have gone elsewhere without the exemption. Change that assumption and the ratio moves a long way."
    },
    {
      "group": "local",
      "unit": "usd",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T12:28:30.326733Z",
      "pdf_page": 4,
      "id": "county_dc_equipment_fy2027",
      "value": 879094354,
      "label": "Loudoun property tax on data center computer equipment",
      "period": "FY 2027, adopted",
      "note": "Adopted budget estimate, not revenue already collected. The Computer Equipment Data Centers line excludes the separately reported real-property tax on data centers."
    },
    {
      "group": "local",
      "unit": "usd",
      "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
      "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
      "as_of": "2026",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T12:28:30.326733Z",
      "pdf_page": 4,
      "id": "county_dc_equipment_growth_fy2027",
      "value": 84313902,
      "label": "Increase in budgeted data-center computer-equipment revenue",
      "period": "FY 2026 adopted to FY 2027 adopted",
      "derived": true,
      "note": "$879,094,354 minus $794,780,452. Both values refer specifically to data-center computer equipment; this is a change in budget estimates, not actual collections."
    }
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "id": "county_dc_equipment",
      "caption": "Loudoun's tax on data center computer equipment, by fiscal year",
      "unit": "usd",
      "note": "FY 2022–FY 2025 are actual collections; FY 2026 and FY 2027 are adopted budget estimates. FY 2023 onward is from the FY 2027 adopted budget; FY 2022 retains its earlier source. Bars start at zero.",
      "points": [
        {
          "period": "FY 2022",
          "value": 466183383,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Actual",
          "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2026 Proposed Budget",
          "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/213184/General-Fund-Revenue-and-Trends-PDF",
          "as_of": "2025-01",
          "note": ""
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2023",
          "value": 581550433,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Actual",
          "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
          "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
          "as_of": "2026",
          "note": "",
          "pdf_page": 4,
          "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T12:28:30.326733Z"
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2024",
          "value": 684787341,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Actual",
          "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
          "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
          "as_of": "2026",
          "note": "",
          "pdf_page": 4,
          "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T12:28:30.326733Z"
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2025",
          "value": 699818945,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Actual",
          "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
          "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
          "as_of": "2026",
          "note": "",
          "pdf_page": 4,
          "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T12:28:30.326733Z"
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2026",
          "value": 794780452,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Adopted",
          "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
          "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
          "as_of": "2026",
          "note": "",
          "pdf_page": 4,
          "reviewed_at": "2026-09-24T12:28:30.326733Z"
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2027",
          "value": 879094354,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Adopted",
          "source_name": "Loudoun County FY 2027 Adopted Budget, General Fund Revenue, PDF page 4 (printed page 107)",
          "source_url": "https://www.loudoun.gov/DocumentCenter/View/221479/General-Fund-Revenue-PDF",
          "as_of": "2026",
          "note": "",
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "state_exemption",
      "caption": "Sales and use tax Virginia and its localities did not collect from data centers, by fiscal year",
      "unit": "usd",
      "note": "State, regional and local shares of the tax, combined. FY 2023 is JLARC's figure; FY 2024 and FY 2025 are the Department of Taxation's, from operators' own returns to VEDP. Bars are drawn from zero.",
      "points": [
        {
          "period": "FY 2023",
          "value": 928600000,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "JLARC",
          "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
          "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
          "as_of": "2024-12",
          "note": ""
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2024",
          "value": 1292457000,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Dept. of Taxation",
          "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Report",
          "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
          "as_of": "2026-01-02",
          "note": ""
        },
        {
          "period": "FY 2025",
          "value": 1941390000,
          "unit": "usd",
          "label": "Dept. of Taxation",
          "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Report",
          "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
          "as_of": "2026-01-02",
          "note": ""
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "withheld": [
    {
      "claim": "What any one company saved",
      "why": "Confidential taxpayer information under Virginia law. The Department of Taxation's own report states that it \"cannot include, and the Department and VEDP cannot publish or disclose, any such information if it is unaggregated or if such report or publication could be used to identify a business or individual.\"",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02"
    },
    {
      "claim": "What any one building or campus saved",
      "why": "Never published at all. The exemption is claimed by an operator across its Virginia portfolio; there is no facility-level return, so no facility-level figure exists to release.",
      "source_name": "Virginia Department of Taxation, Biennial Data Center Retail Sales and Use Tax Exemption Report",
      "source_url": "https://rga.lis.virginia.gov/Published/2026/RD40/PDF",
      "as_of": "2026-01-02"
    },
    {
      "claim": "Which five companies took 82 percent of it",
      "why": "JLARC published the concentration and withheld the identities. The report shows the split by company without naming a single one.",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia, Figure 2-6",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12"
    },
    {
      "claim": "What most localities collect from data centers",
      "why": "Also withheld for confidentiality. JLARC's own note on its locality table reads: \"Revenue estimates are not provided for all of these localities to protect taxpayer confidentiality.\" Loudoun is large enough that its figure can be published; smaller counties are not.",
      "source_name": "JLARC, Data Centers in Virginia",
      "source_url": "https://jlarc.virginia.gov/landing-2024-data-centers-in-virginia.asp",
      "as_of": "2024-12"
    }
  ],
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    "checked_at": "2026-08-16T03:30:51Z",
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      },
      {
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        "retrieval_method": "public browser download",
        "review_note": "Revenue table, PDF page 4: actual FY 2023–2025 and adopted FY 2026–2027 computer-equipment data-center tax values reviewed. Other taxes are not combined."
      }
    ]
  }
}